:Briefly, Zygmund's proof starts by proving the statement for continuous periodic functions.
2.
However, F is a continuous periodic function, so by the previous special case F is uniformly zero.
3.
With \ displaystyle A ( t ) a piecewise continuous periodic function with period T and defines the state of the stability of solutions.
4.
Showed that for any set of measure 0 there is a continuous periodic function whose Fourier series diverges at all points of the set ( and possibly elsewhere ).
5.
Finally the fact that the sequence has a dense algebraic span, in the " inner product norm ", follows from the fact that the sequence has a dense algebraic span, this time in the space of continuous periodic functions on [-\ pi, \ pi ] with the uniform norm.